A pivotal essay in that volume, Herbert KierвЂ™s recommendations for race legislation, devoted a quarter of its pages to U.S. American precedents also informed other crucial Nazi texts, including the National Socialist Handbook for Law and Legislation of 1934вЂ“35, edited by the future governor-general of Poland, Hans Frank, who was later hung at Nuremberg. model of legal racism, Whitman marshals an array of evidence to support the likelihood вЂњthat the Nuremberg Laws themselves reflect direct American influence.вЂќ As race lawвЂ™s global leader, Whitman stresses, America provided the most obvious point of reference for the September 1933 PreuГџische Denkschrift, the Prussian Memorandum, written by a legal team that included Roland Freisler, soon to emerge as the remarkably cruel president of the Nazi PeopleвЂ™s Court. Pushing back against scholarship that downplays the impact in Nazi Germany of the U.S.

Not even South Africa had a set of relevant race laws as developed as those in the U.S. Whitman, a professor at Yale Law School, wanted to know how the United States, a country grounded in such liberal principles as individual rights and the rule of law, could have produced legal ideas and practices вЂњthat seemed intriguing and attractive to Nazis.вЂќ In exploring this apparent incongruity, his short book raises important questions about law, about political decisions that affect the scope of civic membership, and about the malleability of Enlightenment values.

Everyone in the room would have known about the recent events in Nuremberg, yet the quest by leading Nazi jurists to learn from AmericaвЂ™s legal and economic systems was warmly welcomed.

Upon docking, the Germans attended a reception organized by the New York City Bar Association. WhitmanвЂ™s HitlerвЂ™s American Model, which examines how the Third Reich found sustenance for its race-based initiatives in American law. As the governor of the Warsaw District half a decade later, he would preside over the brutal order of the ghetto.Д®very day brings fresh reminders that liberal and illiberal democracy can entwine uncomfortably, a timely context for James Q. The announced purpose of the visit was to gain вЂњspecial insight into the workings of American legal and economic life through study and lectures,вЂќ and the leader of the group was Ludwig Fischer. The trip was a reward for the lawyers, who had codified the ReichвЂ™s race-based legal philosophy. Just eight days after the Reich Citizenship Law, the Law on the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, and the Reich Flag Law were formally proclaimed by Adolf Hitler, 45 Nazi lawyers sailed for New York under the auspices of the Association of National Socialist German Jurists. Nuremberg was the setting for the September 1935 вЂњParty Rally of Freedom,вЂќ at which a special session of the Reichstag passed, by acclamation, legislation that disqualified Jews as Reich citizens with political rights, forbade them to marry or have sex with persons identified as racial Germans, and prohibited any display by Jews of national colors or the new national flag, a banner with a swastika. From 1933 to 1938, he choreographed massive rallies associated with the annual conference of the Nazi Party, assemblies made famous by Leni RiefenstahlвЂ™s stunning documentaries of 19, The Victory of Faith and Triumph of the Will. There was no more extravagant site for Third Reich political theater than the spectacular parade grounds, two large stadiums, and congress hall in Nuremberg, a project masterminded by Albert Speer.

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